图 1. 化石能源的开发。 A,从美国亚利桑那州凯恩塔煤矿开采的煤炭[来源:Peabody Energy, Inc.拍摄(CC BY 3.0),通过维基共享];B,加拿大艾伯塔油砂开采[来源:Howl Arts Collective拍摄(CC BY 2.0),通过维基共享]:C,爱尔兰海上天然气和石油开采平台[来源:Ian Mantel(CC BY-SA 4.0),通过维基共享]。
[1] 生物燃料是由植物原料(植物、藻类等)加工而来的燃料。如果该植物原料来自于农业生产(如甜菜、菜籽、甘蔗、向日葵、 油棕榈等),也称为农业燃料。生物燃料被认为是一种可再生能源。欧洲议会和理事会2003年5月8日发布关于推广使用生物燃料或其他可再生燃料的指令“2003/30/EC”,其中将生物燃料定义为“一种由生物质生产并用于运输的液体或气体燃料”。生物质是“农产品、农业废物和残余物(包括动植物物质)、林业和相关工业的生物可降解部分,以及工业和城市废物的生物可降解部分”,Official Journal No L 123 of 17/05/2003 p.0042-0046.
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