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Head of section : Emmanuel DROUET Doctor of Pharmacy, Professor at the Université Grenoble-Alpes, Professor at Institut de biologie structurale UMR 5075 CNRS UGA CEA, Grenoble.
Renée GRILLOT Doctor of Pharmacy and former intern in pharmacy at the Grenoble hospitals, professor emeritus at the Université Grenoble Alpes, member of the Académie Nationale de Pharmacie.

Adaptation and resilience

Encyclopedie environnement - epigenetique epigenome - epigenetics

Epigenetics: How the environment influences our genes

06-09-2021

DROUET Emmanuel

Our environment influences our genome through the so-called epigenetic modifications. For example, with identical genetic heritages, two twins may evolve differently depending on their respective…

Encyclopédie environnement - microbiote - couverture

Human microbiotas: allies for our health

07-05-2019

CASSARD Anne-Marie, THOMAS Muriel

The human organism is home to a whole community of microorganisms: bacteria, archaea, yeasts and viruses. Today grouped under the term “microbiota”, they participate in…

stress - gestion stress - therapie stress

Non-pharmacological therapies for chronic stress

26-06-2023

BATAIL Jean-Marie

What is the best way to overcome stress? It is undoubtedly to learn to adapt to it! Stress, defined as a non-specific response of the…

Human pathologies

climate change - global warming

Climate change: what effects on our health?

07-05-2019

DROUET Emmanuel

Between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to generate nearly 300,000 additional deaths per year, increasing child malnutrition and undernutrition, insect-borne diseases, diarrhoea and…

mercure poissons - poissons - mercury - mercury fish

Mercury, fish and gold miners

16-08-2019

Mercury is a good example of the difficulties in assessing and managing an environmental health risk. The presence of this metal in the food chain…

particles air - pollution - atmospheric pollution

Airborne particulate matter and their health effects

16-08-2019

Airborne particulate matter is one of the main air pollutants. Most of their health effects have now been known for many years. Their impact on…

“The Philly Killer”: Emergence of Legionella pneumophila, a ubiquitous environmental bacterium

26-05-2020

July 1976, Bellevue Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia (Pennsylvania – USA, see Figure 1). The heat is stifling, the air conditioning is running at full speed.…

biofilm - biofilms - bacterie - bacteries

Bacterial biofilms and health

03-06-2020

AUMERAN Claire, BALESTRINO Damien, FORESTIER Christiane

What is a biofilm? It is a way of living in communities that allows microorganisms – single-celled beings such as bacteria – to behave as…

Viral pandemics of the modern era

05-06-2023

DROUET Emmanuel, GRILLOT Renée, MORAND Serge

Since the Spanish flu of 1918, the term pandemic has become commonplace. The last infectious pandemics have all been viral and all have originated from…

Radiofrequences antenne mobile

Radiofrequencies and health : where are we ?

11-02-2022

Mobile telephony and new wireless communication technologies have developed exponentially since the 1990s. At the same time, fears have arisen about the possible harmful effects…

Endocrine disruptors and human health

21-06-2023

CAUDEVILLE Julien, FILLOL Clemence, DENYS Sebastien

In recent years, the impact of endocrine disruptors on health has been of increasing interest to physicians, researchers and citizens. These substances interact with the…

Therapeutic challenges

vaccins - vaccin - anti vaccin - tetanos - bacille tetanos - vaccines - anti vaccine

Vaccines, a proven protection against pathogens in our environment

07-05-2019

TOURNIER Jean-Nicolas

This article offers a series of reflections on an increasingly critical society with regard to vaccines. Vaccines, which are one of the most beautiful scientific…

antibiorésistance - antibiotiques - antibiotics - antibiotics resistance

Antibiotics, antibiotic resistance and environment

07-05-2019

Microorganisms naturally produce antibiotics that inhibit the growth of other competing microorganisms. To survive, they develop genetic and biochemical mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, which have…

Spices and aromatic herbs : what benefits for our health ?

20-04-2020

ROUSSEL Anne-Marie

Used for pleasure, spices and culinary herbs provided by our environment also have amazing nutritional qualities that contribute to human health. Their fragrant and strong-tasting…

Animal environment and disturbances

Articles in preparation

25-03-2019

The articles in this sub-section are under preparation. The Encyclopedia of the Environment team thanks you for your patience.

Health and bio-indicators

Articles in preparation

25-03-2019

The articles in this sub-section are under preparation. The Encyclopedia of the Environment team thanks you for your patience.