Accueil » Climate

Climate

Climate image

Head of section : Dominique RAYNAUD Emeritus Research Director at the CNRS, IGE (Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement), UGA (Université Grenoble-Alpes) & CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Understanding the climate

Encyclopédie environnement - machine climatique - climate machine

The climate machine

08-02-2019

KRINNER Gerhard

This general introduction presents some basic concepts that will allow the reader to gain an overview of the climate machine, i.e. how the climate system…

modele climat - modelisation climat

Climate models

16-07-2020

VOLDOIRE Aurore, SAINT-MARTIN David

What are climate models? On what basis are they built? How are they evaluated? Are they reliable? How is the climate of the future explored?…

temperature terre - rechauffement climatique

The average temperature of the earth

29-07-2020

Global climate change is a major concern. It is based on the scientific community’s statement that human activities are the cause of a present and…

hasselmann Manabe prix Nobel physique

On the contributions to climate physics of Klaus Hasselmann and Syukuro Manabe, Nobel Prize 2021

06-12-2021

KRINNER Gerhard, RAYNAUD Dominique

Three laureates share the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics: Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann for “laying the foundations of our knowledge of the Earth’s climate…

Greenhouse effect

24-05-2024

Explaining the greenhouse effect too often boils down to the atmosphere’s ability to absorb infrared radiation emitted by the surface. This presentation is overly simplistic…

The recent climate

solar activity

Variability of solar activity and climate impacts over the last centuries

28-02-2019

DELAYGUE Gilles

The primary energy source for the Earth’s surface is the solar energy flux. While the flux received at the Earth’s surface at a given location…

variabilité climatique - climat - vague froid - vague froid exceptionnel - hiver - neige - encyclopedie environnement - north atlantic oscillation

Climate variability: the example of the North Atlantic Oscillation

08-02-2019

DELAYGUE Gilles

Will there be snow this winter? Should we go on holiday in Brittany or on the French Riviera? Will the harvest be good this year?…

glaciers - glaciers montagne - encyclopedie environnement - mountain glaciers

Mountain glaciers, sentinels of climate change

08-02-2019

SIX Delphine, VINCENT Christian

As true icons of mountain regions, glaciers are major tools for detecting climate change. However, the interactions between glaciers and climate are complex, sometimes indirect…

ouragan irma - ouragans - evenements meteo extremes - extreme weather events - climate change

Weather Extremes and Climate Change

15-01-2021

CATTIAUX Julien, CHAUVIN Fabrice, DOUVILLE Hervé, RIBES Aurélien

How do extreme weather events change with climate change? Are they becoming more frequent? More intense? Is it man’s responsibility? This article presents the state of…

glaciers hautes montagnes Asie changement climatique

Glaciers in the high mountains of Asia in the face of climate change

13-05-2024

MENEGOZ Martin, BRUN Fanny, WAGNON Patrick

With an average altitude of more than 4000 m, the Tibetan Plateau is the highest and also the largest in the world, with an area…

Past climates

Astronomical theories of climate: a long history

26-07-2024

BERGER André, YIN Qiuzhen

What have been the characteristic periods of climatic variations over the last few million years? Those responsible for these natural variations are the parameters of…

variations climatqiues - climate variations

Climate variations in the last millennium

16-08-2019

GOOSSE Hugues, KLEIN François

To understand the mechanisms that govern the dynamics of the current climate and predict its future evolution, it is important to differentiate between anthropogenic and…

The climate of the future

Articles in preparation

25-03-2019

The articles in this sub-section are under preparation. The Encyclopedia of the Environment team thanks you for your patience.

Climate and Society

civilisation maya - pyramide kukulkan

Climate change and ancient civilizations

06-01-2020

The history of the rise and fall of great past civilizations has often been closely linked to changing climatic conditions. This link is justified by…

From the discovery of the greenhouse effect to the IPCC

19-05-2020

RAYNAUD Dominique

When and how the principle of greenhouse effect appeared? When and how a Swedish scientist found that the mean temperature of the Earth was sensitive…

History of climate

climat - changement climatique - réchauffement climatique

Thinking about climate change (16th-21st centuries)

20-08-2019

The issue of climate change is now feeding into public debate. Every week, there is not an event that is not, rightly or wrongly, brought…

Accueil » Climate

气候

气候 image

Head of section : Dominique RAYNAUD Emeritus Research Director at the CNRS, IGE (Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement), UGA (Université Grenoble-Alpes) & CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

认识气候

modele climat - modelisation climat

Climate models

16-07-2020

VOLDOIRE Aurore, SAINT-MARTIN David

What are climate models? On what basis are they built? How are they evaluated? Are they reliable? How is the climate of the future explored?…

hasselmann Manabe prix Nobel physique

On the contributions to climate physics of Klaus Hasselmann and Syukuro Manabe, Nobel Prize 2021

06-12-2021

KRINNER Gerhard, RAYNAUD Dominique

Three laureates share the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics: Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann for “laying the foundations of our knowledge of the Earth’s climate…

Encyclopédie environnement - machine climatique - climate machine

The climate machine

08-02-2019

KRINNER Gerhard

This general introduction presents some basic concepts that will allow the reader to gain an overview of the climate machine, i.e. how the climate system…

temperature terre - rechauffement climatique

The average temperature of the earth

29-07-2020

Global climate change is a major concern. It is based on the scientific community’s statement that human activities are the cause of a present and…

近代气候

solar activity

Variability of solar activity and climate impacts over the last centuries

28-02-2019

DELAYGUE Gilles

The primary energy source for the Earth’s surface is the solar energy flux. While the flux received at the Earth’s surface at a given location…

variabilité climatique - climat - vague froid - vague froid exceptionnel - hiver - neige - encyclopedie environnement - north atlantic oscillation

Climate variability: the example of the North Atlantic Oscillation

08-02-2019

DELAYGUE Gilles

Will there be snow this winter? Should we go on holiday in Brittany or on the French Riviera? Will the harvest be good this year?…

glaciers - glaciers montagne - encyclopedie environnement - mountain glaciers

Mountain glaciers, sentinels of climate change

08-02-2019

SIX Delphine, VINCENT Christian

As true icons of mountain regions, glaciers are major tools for detecting climate change. However, the interactions between glaciers and climate are complex, sometimes indirect…

ouragan irma - ouragans - evenements meteo extremes - extreme weather events - climate change

Weather Extremes and Climate Change

15-01-2021

CATTIAUX Julien, CHAUVIN Fabrice, DOUVILLE Hervé, RIBES Aurélien

How do extreme weather events change with climate change? Are they becoming more frequent? More intense? Is it man’s responsibility? This article presents the state of…

古气候

variations climatqiues - climate variations

Climate variations in the last millennium

16-08-2019

GOOSSE Hugues, KLEIN François

To understand the mechanisms that govern the dynamics of the current climate and predict its future evolution, it is important to differentiate between anthropogenic and…

未来气候

Articles in preparation

25-03-2019

The articles in this sub-section are under preparation. The Encyclopedia of the Environment team thanks you for your patience.

气候与社会

civilisation maya - pyramide kukulkan

Climate change and ancient civilizations

06-01-2020

The history of the rise and fall of great past civilizations has often been closely linked to changing climatic conditions. This link is justified by…

From the discovery of the greenhouse effect to the IPCC

19-05-2020

RAYNAUD Dominique

When and how the principle of greenhouse effect appeared? When and how a Swedish scientist found that the mean temperature of the Earth was sensitive…

气候史

climat - changement climatique - réchauffement climatique

Thinking about climate change (16th-21st centuries)

20-08-2019

The issue of climate change is now feeding into public debate. Every week, there is not an event that is not, rightly or wrongly, brought…